PHA 321 - Biosciences II
Exam 4 - March 24, 2003
	
1.	A term synonymous with antibody is	
	A)  antigen.    B)  epitope.    C)  determinant.    D)  immunoglobulin.	

2.	Toll-like receptors	
A)	are cytokines.	
B)	each recognize a specific "danger" molecule.	
C)	transmit a message to the cell's nucleus.	
D)	are part of adaptive immunity.	
E)	b and c	

3.	In humans, the stem cells from which all blood cells arise are found in the	
	A)  peripheral circulation.    B)  lymphatic vessels.    C)  lymph nodes.    D)  bone marrow.	

4.	The cellular organelle responsible for the digestion of ingested infectious agents is the	
	A)  endoplasmic reticulum.    B)  Golgi apparatus.    C)  phagolysosome.    D)  lysosome.	

5.	T cells primarily are responsible for	
A)	humoral immunity.	C)	anamnestic immunity.	
B)	cell-mediated immunity.	D)	producing haptens	

6.	The low molecular weight glycoprotein produced by animal cells in response to viral 
 infections is	
	A)  complement.    B)  lysozyme.    C)  histamine.    D)  interferon.	

7.	Which is not involved in specific immunity?	
	A)  antibody    B)  T cell    C)  B cell    D)  tear flow	

8.	The characteristic function and properties of each class of antibody is determined by the	
A)	variable region on the light chain.	D)	constant region on the heavy chain.	
B)	epitope.	E)	variable region on the heavy chain	
C)	constant region on the light chain.			

9.	The key molecule upon which all complement pathways converge is	
	A)  C1.    B)  C2.    C)  C3.    D)  C6.	

10.	The four cardinal signs of inflammation are:	
A)	flare, wheals, fever, cough	C)	heat, pain, vesicles, fever	
B)	rash, pus, heat, rubor	D)	redness, heat, swelling, pain	

11.	The first kind of leukocyte lured to the site of inflammation is the	
	A)  neutrophil.    B)  monocyte.    C)  macrophage.    D)  basophil.	

12.	T cells and B cells are manufactured in the	
	A)  bone marrow.    B)  thymus.    C)  Peyers patches.    D)  nervous tissue.	

13.	The leukocyte that contains histamine is the	
	A)  lymphocyte.    B)  monocyte.    C)  macrophage.    D)  basophil.	

14.	Complement	
A)	may be activated through three pathways.	
B)	disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane of invading bacteria and foreign cells.	
C)	is part of the specific defense system.	
D)	is a group of blood proteins.	
E)	a, b and d	

15.	The immunoglobulin monomer consists of	
A)	4 large chains.	C)	5 light chains.	
B)	2 heavy and 2 light chains.	D)	3 heavy and 3 light chains.	

16.	Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells?	
	A)  dendritic cells    B)  T cells    C)  erythrocytes    D)  basophils	

17.	Which of the following class of antibody is primarily found in external secretions?	
	A)  IgA    B)  IgD    C)  IgG    D)  IgE	

18.	The defense system utilizing highly specialized cells and chemicals that develop in response to specific organisms and foreign materials is the	
A)	generalized defense system.	C)	adaptive immune system.	
B)	innate immune system.	D)	autoimmunity.	

19.	The only class of antibody that can cross the placenta is	
	A)  IgA.    B)  IgD.    C)  IgG.    D)  IgE.	

20.	The leukocyte responsible for adaptive immunity is the	
	A)  lymphocyte.    B)  monocyte.    C)  eosinophil.    D)  neutrophil.	

21.	The variable region of an antibody occurs	
A)	only on the heavy chains.	C)	on one of the light chains.	
B)	only on the light chains.	D)	on all 4 chains.	

22.	The first host response to a nonspecific tissue injury is described as	
	A)  inflammation.    B)  reaction.    C)  antibodies.    D)  trauma.	

23.	Interferons, complement, lysozyme, and lactoferrin are all examples of	
A)	specific antimicrobial factors.	C)	nonspecific antimicrobial factors.	
B)	immune enzymes.	D)	cytokines.	

24.	The immunoglobulin that is important in hypersensitivity reactions is	
	A)  IgA.    B)  IgD.    C)  IgG.    D)  IgE.	

25.	Which of the following do not induce a strong immune response?	
	A)  lipids    B)  proteins    C)  polysaccharides    D)  nucleic acids    E)  a and d	

26.	The complement pathway that requires antibodies to be activated is the	
A)	alternate pathway.	C)	properdin pathway.	
B)	classical pathway.	D)	inflammatory pathway.	

27.	Which of the following antibodies is a dimer?	
	A)  IgA    B)  IgD    C)  IgM    D)  IgE	

28.	Macrophages and dendritic cells are	
	A)  T cells.    B)  B cells.    C)  antigen-presenting cells.    D)  antibody-producing cells.	

29.	Specific chemical groups on an antigen molecule to which the immune response is directed 
 are	
	A)  antigenic determinants.    B)  an autoimmune response.    C)  monomers.    D)  allergens.	

30.	The attraction of leukocytes to the area on inflammation is referred to as	
	A)  parasitism.    B)  infection.    C)  phototaxis.    D)  chemotaxis.	

         31.  The leukocyte that contains histamine is the 
	A) lymphocyte.		B) monocyte.		C) macrophage.		D) basophil.

         32.  Which of the following is a phagocytic cell found in the human body?
	A) erythrocyte		B) neutrophil		C) B cell		D) T cell

         33.  Which of the following are referred to as mononuclear phagocytes?
	A) lymphocytes and basophils
	B) mast cells and eosinophils
	C) basophils and eosinophils
	D) monocytes and macrophages

         34.  Normal flora
	A) are the organisms that typically reside on your body.
	B) protect against infection by pathogens.
	C) enhance infection by pathogens.
	D) play no role in affecting pathogen growth .
	E) a and b

         35.  The complement pathway that is activated by mannin binding lectins is the 
	A) classical pathway.
	B) alternate pathway.
	C) C3 pathway.
	D) lectin pathway.

         36.  C3b is involved in
	A) opsonization.
	B) interferon production.
	C) properidin activation.
	D) endotoxin production.

         37.  Which activity of the virally-invaded cell triggers production of interferon?
	A) activation of  rRNA
	B) movement of nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm
	C) production of glycolipids
	D) production of dsRNA

         38.  One of the strongest indications of infectious disease is 
	A) a rash.		B) pustules.		C) vesicles.		D) fever. 

         39.  Glycoproteins that react specifically with the chemical structures in the antigen that induced them are		called
	A) determinants.		B) antibodies.		C) proteases.		D) macroproteins.

         40.  Antibodies are made by
	A) red blood cells.	B) macrophages.		C) B cells/plasma cells.	D) T cells.

         41.  The humoral immune response involves the manufacture and use of
	A) antibodies.		B) T cells.		C) lymphokines.		D) antigens.

         42.  Which of the following is/are secondary lymphoid organ(s)?
	A) thymus		B) spleen		C) lymph nodes		D) bone marrow
	E) b,c

         43.  Secondary lymphoid organs
	A) are strategically located in the body.		B) facilitate interactions between cells.
	C) are hematopoietic.				D) are the site of T cell maturation.
E) a, b

         44.  There are ______ classes of antibody.
	A) 1		B) 3		C) 5		D) 7
		
         45.  Which class of antibody accounts for the bulk of the circulating antibody?
	A) IgA		B) IgD		C) IgG		D) IgE

         46.  An IgG molecule has two
	A) heavy chains.			B) light chains.
	C) antibody binding sites.		D) antigen binding sites.
	E) a, b and d

         47.  Antigens interact with antibodies at 
	A) the outer end of each arm of the Y.
	B) the junction of heavy and light chains.
	C) different regions depending on the class of antibody.
	D) the bottom stem of the heavy chain of the Y.

         48.  Which is the first antibody class made during the primary response to an antigen?
	A) IgA		B) IgM		C) IgG		D) IgE

         49.  Which of the following is not a characteristic of cell-mediated immunity?
	A) the cells originate in the bone marrow
	B) cells are processed by the thymus gland
	C) it can stimulate the immune system
	D) it includes macrophages
	E) none of the above

         50.  Which of the following is not a characteristic of B cells?
	A) they originate in bone marrow
	B) they have antigen receptors on their surfaces
	C) they are responsible for the anamnistic response
	D) they are responsible for antibody production
	E) none of the above